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Legal consultation
Barbarian Diordieva - the lawyer, an analyst.
If you had legal issues, the problems connected with realisation of your rights, and also the questions, concerning legislations, write.
Setting questions, specify region (Ukraine, Russia etc.).
The business and business
Business dealing experience
Beginning enterprise activity, put before itself the difficult purposes: if you repair something - to become the best expert in your area, a city if you trade - to become the most qualified dealer. Only achieving a recognition of consumers, it is possible to count on successful development of business. In business of awards do not give, an estimation of your work - your well-being.
In the developed countries for a long time have counted, that the most expensive is time of the businessman and workers, and it should be used as much as possible only for primary activity. Everything, that to it does not concern, more cheaply finally to do by another's hands - to use other enterprises.
Working hours cost all more expensively. Calculate, how many you pay for a minute of work to hired workers (do not forget to add 38 % of deductions in off-budget funds), write this figure largely on a wall and before to tear off the worker from the basic work and to send it behind something minor, count, how many money you pay to it for неквалифицированный.
Buy the necessary goods with delivery. Delivery by forces of the workers and the vehicles only seems more conveniently, but it is absolutely not favourable, as time and transport are occupied not by primary activity. Delivery of your goods to buyers if it is expedient, also organise forces of carriers.
Do not buy cars at the expense of enterprise means, especially at use of hired drivers as in this case the car maintenance will manage more expensively. At purchase by the individual businessman of the car for use in its activity with reference of expenses on production cost price tax inspection will demand to pay the tax at a rate of 20 % from cost. Besides, expenses on statement and removal from the account, checkups, the road tax, on insurance, service and repair, on PETROLEUM PRODUCTS is yet all. Expenses can become catastrophic if the hired driver on your car makes road accident with heavy consequences. To sit it is necessary to it, and to pay all kinds of a damage the victim it is necessary to the proprietor of means of the raised danger, i.e. To the businessman. Besides, it is necessary to pay and car restoration.
In spite of the fact that the equipment to buy more cheaply, than to rent, nevertheless it is more favourable to rent it, especially if there are no available assets. The rent payments stretched in time allow to operate circulating assets more operatively. Besides, rented equipment can be changed every year for more modern, and it positively affects profitableness of work.
In many countries overwhelming majority of small enterprises work in the rented premises, on the rented equipment and hire as required devices, the tool and the equipment which is not demanding fastening to the bases.
Do not incur responsibility for affairs which can bring a damage non-comparable to cost of all your property. For example, do not leave for the night in the workshop on repair very expensive another's car if the workshop is not protected from all possible variants of opening and a carjack, and also from a fire - differently you do not pay off for it.
Accustom the personnel to the patient and polite reference with clients - rudeness not only is non-profitable, but also for a long time will spoil opinion on the enterprise - the rumour will widely carry the negative information.
It is expedient to businessmen to unite in the unions and to protect the interests in administrations of areas, cities, areas and in the government. Associations and the unions of businessmen should lobby acceptance of necessary statutory acts for stimulation of development of this branch of economy.
The financial account if there is no possibility to conduct most, it is necessary to charge to the bookkeeper employed in combination or accounting company which serves some enterprises or businessmen.
On a case of any troubles it is necessary to remember, that the tax secret is made by any data on the tax bearer, received by tax body, except for data:
• divulged by the tax bearer independently or from its consent;
• about identification number of the tax bearer;
• about the authorised capital (the authorised capital) the organisations;
• about infringements of the legislation on taxes and tax collections and measures of responsibility for these infringements;
• given or to law enforcement bodies of other states according to the international contracts (agreements), one of which parties the Russian Federation, about mutual cooperation between tax or law enforcement bodies (regarding granting to these bodies) is tax.
Being compelled to give bribes to officials, try to cause additional services and obligations (at least the right to call and set questions to consult). Then it is clear, that it they at you on the maintenance and you can demand something, instead of you in constant to a debt. Overwhelming majority of officials takes bribes at all that will help (they and so are obliged to work), and that will not harm.
Keep in mind, that in a year-two when work will be adjusted and there will be an experience, there will be a necessity of expansion of business. Business as the live organism, aspires to develop. In advance think of it and plan development directions. Among them can be: expansion of a workshop, shop or opening additional in other place, association with other businessmen and "business" expansion, development of new kinds of works or the goods etc.
Can happen so, that you do not want or will not have possibilities to expand business. In this case it is necessary to expect, that surplus of demand (clients) will be used by other businessmen, and eventually they can "draw a rope", and your business will decay.
If business like is stable, but development prospects it is not visible, and the stock of energy and means still is, it is expedient to master new directions.
In any case, it is necessary to watch closely the general situation in the market if the market grows your stable incomes actually mean, that you do not grow together with the market and once competitors will entice your clients. If in your sector of the market competitors operate, and business under the maintenance cannot become large, it is necessary to co-ordinate territories of activity or specialisation. As businessmen speak: fools quarrel, clever agree.
Perspective enterprise ideas are generated or deep hobby for any work, either a hobby, or sensation, that in the market something does not suffice - reflexions lead to inventions of new services or the goods.
The small-scale business solves problems which are solved by the big money cannot be. For example, large bakeries cannot solve a problem of maintenance of consumers hot rolls by a breakfast - transportations and overloads occupy a lot of time. And here small private bakeries successfully solve this problem in served areas.
Beginning business, plan its years for hundred - such approach allows to base serious business. Businessmen live to do business which is pleasant to them. And working on hiring work to live.
Do not get into debt - then you cannot "buy" the decision of your problems and it is necessary to study to find a way out from any positions. You will develop in yourselves persistence and creative abilities which will help to develop business. The fastest way to spoil to itself a life - to occupy it is too much money.
If it is a lot of problems, it means, that business develops. At inept conducting business all problems - boring and to make their interesting, to involve in their decision of all employees, stimulate their creative possibilities the head can only, which itself develops together with business.
Do not waste time also energy on struggle against competitors, and offer clients something the, instead of the same, that competitors. If the goods are identical - add services, replace packing etc. If services are similar - add the goods (useful trifles), offer a package deal etc.
If you try to catch up with competitors, you and remain catching up. Go the by, establish the standards of servicing - then become the leader in your sector of the market. Let catch up with you.
If, beginning business, you understand, that can make tens serious errors and think out ways of protection, means - will manage to survive.
Each business has a natural rate of growth. If it not to reach, business can decay. If to move too quickly - business can go racing. Strenuously to develop follows in stagnation and when sales volumes sharply increase - constrain aspirations to increase capital investment, do not operate without the careful forecast. If business develops too quickly, employees do not keep up with it, test overloads and stresses, lose ability to be trained is approaches crisis.
Strategy should be clear all without an exception to workers is gives to firm stability.
Unfortunately, many psychologically are not ready to enterprise risk, to losses and uncertainty in tomorrow. Therefore the groups beginning business often break up. It is especially heavy to do business with relatives and with friends.
If do not wish to lose clients, remember: the client is always right.
Beginning business is done often by typical errors:
The first successes inspire them false confidence of stability and reliable prospects. The first profits are spent for improvement of conditions of private life instead of investing them in business development.
Activity is desirable for conducting in several directions to have different sources of incomes. Then the failure in one kind of business will not deprive of all of you financial reserves.
It is important to stop in time business if it yields losses.
It is important, that carried out work liked and brought moral and creative satisfaction - success it is possible to reach only when business - meaning of the life or the life period.
Any business is better for beginning with its studying, from gathering of the information connected with it. When knowledge and the information will be enough, they will prompt the program of actions.
To the manufacturer the dealer is necessary, to the dealer - the manufacturer, and service of realised production for attraction of consumers is necessary to both.
Hardly there can be successful businessmen people for whom in all definiteness is necessary. The successful businessman - not the one who all knows, and what quickly studies, studies in all situations.
The business at all will not release you from restrictions which you tested, being the hired worker. In addition to work which is well familiar to you, you receive ten others, unknown, which should be studied thoroughly "not go broke".
Begin with search of clients, instead of from office and the salary.
Often complexity not in solving problems, and in seeing them.
In business it is a lot of questions which can be understood only through personal experience.
Because of that many goods and services have some analogues of different manufacturers, even more often clients you-birajut them by emotional criteria. It means, that in most cases only image of firm has solving influence on decision-making by clients. Sociologists consider, that behaviour of the person operate on 95 % of emotion and subconsciousness, and after all in subconsciousness impressions of dialogue with employees of firm "are pawned", and the gone through emotions are remembered is better. Hence, the group of the employees communicating with clients, is "face of the firm", on this group depends - whether the firm will have positive image in the market.
Foreign sociologists consider, that each person influences the opinion on the average others 14. For a small city a little offended, become by sources of negative opinion for 4-5 their acquaintances, can deprive firm of the local market.
Employ friends to your employees, but do not accept the friends - they can count on privileges, and it is the end to friendship or business.
Your employees should not admire with you are you should employ such employees with whom will admire.
The success of firm depends not on actions of one person, and develops of interaction between all employees.
Dismissal of the employee - always a failure or in selection of shots, or in work with shots, the leader to losses.
Your life is spoilt not by those people whom you have dismissed, and what you have not dismissed. (Benjamin Franklin).
Not to observe of workers - means to leave it opened the purse.
Necessarily store all accounts, notices, receipts and any pieces of paper confirming payment of any expenses, taxes, reception of money and documents. In the West even непредприниматели store checks for 50 years. Also it is necessity - documents can be lost both in state institutions, and in tax inspection, and in firms, therefore for protection of the rights is better store all documents all life.
Those documents which give someone, copy. With it provide duplication of the information and possibility to discuss it by phone with that to whom it is transferred, without personal meetings.
The copy of the declaration after check by its tax inspector should be assured the signature of the inspector BEND also the press. Payment of taxes verify with data of the account at the bookkeeper of tax inspection. Happens, that, after 2-3 years the inspector suddenly will declare, that payment is not received and will demand payment пени. Then copies will be useful to prove timeliness of payments. Inspection can state the claims only for 3 previous years.
Do not hesitate "пытать" of the tax inspector about all details of tax relations - it is obliged you to advise
We sometimes speak about ourselves: "Well and the fool I!", but never we will believe that is true.
Do not count, that your goods so are good, that its advantages and the fool will understand. Can and will understand, but in own way!
- It is necessary to think, - has severely told Остап, - me, for example, feed ideas. (I.Ilf, E.Petrov, "the Gold calf").
Preparing for delicate negotiations, to problem conversations with employees, to dialogue with clients, it is expedient to remember some supervision which have been saved up by experts:
• in cold and dry days the person works is better, whereas too hot or damp weather considerably dulls intelligence;
• around 19 hours the psychological condition of people becomes unstable enough, that can be shown in excessive irritability and irascibility;
• any pleasure increases altruism, the insult or disappointment reduces it;
• we are drawn always by knowing and skilled people;
• the is more often we see the partner in dialogue, the it is more probability of that it is pleasant to us, but excessive contacts, however, reduce its appeal;
• people are often appreciated only in that degree in what they can help with realisation of the personal purposes of the partner;
• the more someone possesses the power, the less this individual aspires to friendly contacts;
• the subject offends, when inform, that do not remember his name, after all to these to it as though hint, that it has no value for the partner;
• when the person is emotionally raised, it is often expressed unduly экспрессивно and as though attacks the interlocutor, though it at all so;
• last fragments of conversation are remembered most strongly;
• sense of the phrases made more than from 13 words (on other data - from 7 words), the consciousness usually does not perceive, therefore is not present sense to apply them;
• speech can be understood only at its speed which are not exceeding 2,5 words in second;
• a phrase said without a pause longer 5-6 seconds, cease to be realised;
• the man on the average listens to others attentively 10-15 seconds, and after starts to think, what to it to add to a conversation subject;
• any emotional excitation (but only not empathy...) usually complicates understanding of others;
• the typical interlocutor both "hears", and understands it is much less, than he wishes to show;
• to the news received first, much more trust, than everything received further;
• people usually exaggerate information value of the events confirming their hypothesis, and underestimate the information contradicting it;
• the person states 80 % from this, that wishes to inform, and listening it is perceived only by 70 % from this, understand - 60 %, in memory at them remains from 10 to 25 %;
• that the partner could apprehend the transferred information, it is necessary to repeat constantly to it thoughts predominating there and positions;
• "the average person" keeps in memory no more a quarter of that has been told to it only couple of days ago;
• is better memory works between 8-12 o'clock in the morning and after 9 o'clock in the evening, worst of all - right after a dinner;
• is better last part of the information is remembered, is a little bit worse - the first whereas average - is forgotten more often;
• about 90 % from this are capable to keep memory of the person, that the person does, 50 % from this, that he sees and 10 % from this, that he hears;
• the actions interrupted for whatever reasons are remembered twice лучине, than finished;
• too considerable volume of the cash information confuses and interferes with its processing;
• intelligence is better works in position of the person sitting, is worse - standing, it is absolutely bad - laying;
• older persons is better think in the morning, young - in the evening;
• people, as a rule, are cleverer and more prudent in 8 o'clock in the morning;
• the standing person has a certain psychological advantage before the sitting.
Further recommendations about time of realisation of telephone conversations are resulted.
Telephone conversation with clients - process very individual, creative, with experience you will develop the style and a way of dialogue with the client. Form the approach, create the best for yourself conditions, trying to fix in the practice those situations in which you have already achieved positive results.
It is better not to call on business matters in the nearest half an hour after a lunch break. During this boundary time between rest and work such conversation is perceived as intrusion into leisure, a returning impulse to working conditions. It is better not to risk - the subconscious unwillingness (if that is) transition from a non-working condition in working your interlocutor can quite express the negative answer. Let someone another, with other problems "will pass" this border.
After 17-00 again try to speak with the person, only if in its voice there is no impatience - many start to gather home, you detain them, it irritates, allows an occasion to refuse faster, not having listened to the end. But, if you feel, that the person is interested and has time - try to operate more actively.
After 16-00 - the most fruitful time. The basic vanity has passed, is fast home - you hear, your information perceive adequately.
Except this approximate daily schedule is also some laws on wider time pieces: it is not necessary to forget, that Friday in many establishments - short day and, accordingly, it is necessary to move some the conversations not to irritate the person whom you have found the call already in doors. Especially it concerns summer when on Friday all hasten on summer residences. Monday - day heavy, especially first half.